世界著名实验室“盛产”诺贝尔奖得主的教育谱系     

彭拥军  刘冬旭 《创新与创业教育》2021,12(1):144-155

被誉为世界物理学圣地的英国卡文迪许实验室、号称美国现代高科技摇篮的贝尔实验室和助推日本迈入诺贝尔奖获奖大国的物理学精英苗圃仁科研究室,都积极倡导原创性研究,其实验室的科学家不断斩获诺贝尔自然科学奖。这些著名实验室特别注重用独特的教育方式实现学术传承和研究创新:首先,作为人才高峰的学术大师以高瞻远瞩的学术领导力和享誉国际的学术声望吸引已有一定学术影响或学术潜质的人才来实验室工作,构筑坚实的人才高地,并以此奠定人才高峰与人才高地良性互动的基础。其次,实验室自由愉悦的组织环境、风格不同的正式与非正式沙龙,共同营造了良好的科研氛围。这种科研文化能够激发研究灵感,使实验室保持领先的优势地位。最后,老师对学生的研究引领和学术提携能有效实现学术传承,而大师们自觉的举贤让能有效地鼓励后学晚进努力超越前辈先进,实现良性的新陈代谢,使实验室充满生机与活力并始终走在科学研究的前沿。  相似文献   

真情至文 骈体叙事--庾信《思旧铭》的艺术高峰     

张晓庆 《商丘职业技术学院学报》2021,(1)

庾信《思旧铭》,以“铭”而非“诔”,乃是借铭文永不磨灭的文体意义,以向秀《思旧赋》为精神源头,悼念故人萧永,书写故国历史,微言表达亡国之痛和身世之悲。六朝铭文虽有褒赞警戒、记物写景等多种功能,但往往内容空洞、形式华美。庾信《思旧铭》却能在四六藩篱制约下,书写真情,记录历史巨变,达到了六朝铭文的情感高峰,开拓了骈体铭文叙事的新功能。《思旧铭》的艺术创新有赖于庾信思想自由灵活,有赖于庾信既有前期精湛的艺术准备,又有后期求真的人生境界。庾信顺应历史情境,引领时代思潮,从而使骈体铭文文质彬彬、和谐统一。  相似文献   

基于改进Canny算子的建筑裂缝边缘提取方法          下载免费PDF全文

张伟周利君夏坚 《福建工程学院学报》2021,(4):330-334

针对传统Canny算子进行图像边缘检测时对非线性噪声效果不太明显且会存在漏检的问题,提出了一种改进的Canny算子,将其应用于建筑裂缝边缘提取中。对建筑裂缝图像进行预处理,在预处理阶段对图像进行分割与去除孤立点的操作,以得到更为清晰的图像。利用非线性中值滤波代替原Canny算子中的高斯滤波,用Sobel算子八方向模板进行梯度计算,并使用Otsu法得到阈值。与传统方法相比较,提出的方法能够提取出更清晰完整的图像边缘,其峰值信噪比与结构相似性均有一定程度的提高。  相似文献   

一种能连续产生及解调不同调幅信号的电路设计     

严红丽 《滁州学院学报》2011,13(2):21-23

讨论了模拟幅度调制中过调幅信号的产生,探讨了过调幅信号和AM信号、DSB信号的关系,改进了电路图使之根据给定参数连续产生和解调AM信号、DSB信号以及过调幅信号,得出了过调幅信号是一种双边带信号的结论,不会存在过调幅失真。  相似文献   

高水平女子散打运动员不同赛前时期膝关节屈伸肌等动力量变化研究     

田石榴  韩冬  沈学军 《沈阳体育学院学报》2011,30(1):65-68

为了解我国高水平女子散打运动员不同赛前时期膝关节屈伸肌等动力量的水平与特征,选择上海体育学院女子散打运动员19名作为研究对象,选取整个赛前集训中一个周期的训练作为训练周期,按经典分期理论进行训练分期。等速肌力的测试采用CONTREX等动测试系统,以向心和离心60°/s的恒定角速度下进行右膝关节测试,同时测试0.2s快速屈伸时的最大伸肌力矩。研究结果:优秀女子散打运动员屈肌相对峰力矩值是(1.13±0.15)Nm/kg,伸肌相对峰力矩值为(2.11±0.33)Nm/kg,屈伸肌力矩比值是(53.0±4.0)%,比赛期达到最高值。健将级女子散打运动员的0.2s最大相对屈肌力矩为(1.053±0.207)Nm/kg,伸肌相对最大力矩健将级为(1.795±0.295)Nm/kg。结论:运动员水平越高,膝关节屈肌力量越高,屈伸肌力矩比值越大,不同赛期屈肌力量不同,比赛期达到最高。  相似文献   

My heart is racing! Psychophysiological dynamics of skilled racecar drivers     

Edson Filho 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(9):945-959

Our purpose was to test the multi-action plan model assumptions in which athletes’ psychophysiological patterns differ among optimal and suboptimal performance experiences. Nine professional drivers competing in premier race categories (e.g. Formula 3, Porsche GT3 Cup Challenge) completed the study. Data collection involved monitoring the drivers’ perceived hedonic tone, accuracy on core components of action, posture, skin temperature, respiration rate and heart rate responses during a 40-lap simulated race. Time marks, gathered at three standardised sectors, served as the performance variable. The A1GP racing simulator (Allinsport, Modena) established a realistic race platform. Specifically, the Barcelona track was chosen because of its inherently difficult nature characterised by intermittent deceleration points. Idiosyncratic analyses showed large individual differences in the drivers’ psychophysiological profile, as well as distinct patterns in regards to optimal and suboptimal performance experiences. Limitations and future research avenues are discussed. Action- (e.g. attentional control) and emotion (e.g. biofeedback training)-centred applied sport psychology implications are advanced.  相似文献   

桔梗皂甙V与去芹糖桔梗甙D的鉴定     

徐宝军  郑毅男姜丽 《大连大学学报》2000,21(6):71-75

目的：通过实验研究改进桔梗皂甙类成分的分离及鉴定方法,为桔梗质量标准的制定提供科学依据．方法：利用大孔吸附树脂脱糖脱色及薄层硅胶作柱层析介质,并首次利用电喷雾质谱技术结合理化分析对桔梗皂甙类成分进行分析鉴定．结果：两个单体化合物分别被鉴定为桔梗皂甙Ｖ和去芹糖桔梗皂甙Ｄ,结论：运用电喷雾质谱新技术,大大简化了皂甙类的结构鉴定过程．  相似文献   

Match running performance and skill execution improves with age but not the number of disposals in young Australian footballers     

Paul B. Gastin  Christie Tangalos  Lorena Torres  Sam Robertson 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(24):2397-2404

This study investigated age-related differences in maturity, physical and functional characteristics and playing performance in youth Australian Football (AF). Young male players (n = 156) were recruited from 12 teams across 6 age groups (U10–U15) of a recreational AF club. All players were tested for body size, maturity and fitness. Player performance was assessed during a match in which disposals (kicks and handballs) and their effectiveness were coded from a video recording and match running performance measured using Global Positioning System. Significant main effects (P < 0.01) for age group were observed for age, years to peak height velocity, body mass, height, 20 m sprint, maximal speed over 20 m, vertical jump, 20 m multistage shuttle run, match distance, high-speed running distance, peak speed, number of effective disposals and percentage of effective disposals. Age-related differences in fitness characteristics (speed, lower body power and endurance) appeared to transfer to match running performance. The frequency in which players disposed of the football did not differ between age groups, however the effectiveness of each disposal (i.e., % effective disposals) improved with age. Match statistics, particularly those that evaluate skill execution outcome (i.e., effectiveness), are useful to assess performance and to track player development over time. Differences between age groups, and probably variability within age groups, are strongly associated with chronological age and maturity.  相似文献   

Top 10 Research Questions Related to Youth Aerobic Fitness     

Neil Armstrong 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2017,88(2):130-148

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8位不同体质量的顶级柔道运动员在同一赛前训练计划实施中的能量代谢特征     

维克多勒·弗拉基米洛维奇·希扬  姚颂平 《首都体育学院学报》2020,(1):1-3

为了研究不同体质量的顶级柔道运动员在同一赛前4个月训练计划实施中的能量代谢特征。选取俄罗斯国家队参加欧洲锦标赛的顶级柔道运动员8人作为研究对象。得出结论:1)俄罗斯国家柔道队在欧洲锦标赛前实施的同一赛前训练计划对不同体质量的顶级柔道运动员的能量代谢产生了不同程度的影响;2)为了针对不同体质量的顶级柔道运动员的具体训练目标来制定训练计划,必须对顶级柔道运动员传统的训练手段和训练方法进行评价,以确保每一组顶级柔道运动员(小体质量组、中体质量组和大体质量组)独立完成训练任务并定期达到同样的预期恢复效果;3)顶级柔道运动员竞赛成绩的正向变化在较大程度上取决于专项耐力和无氧供能水平的提高速率;4)在赛前训练最后阶段,以规律性地暂时降低顶级柔道运动员的有氧供能水平的方式来提高竞赛成绩,不会产生消极影响。  相似文献